癌症是一组可影响身体任何部位的多种疾病的通称。使用的其它术语为恶性肿瘤和赘生物。癌症的一个决定性特征是异常细胞快速生成，这些细胞超越其通常边界生长并可侵袭身体的临近部位和扩散到其它器官。后者被称为转移。广泛转移是癌症死亡的主要原因。
癌症的常用治疗方式包括外科手术、化疗、放疗等，必要时也会结合靶向治疗、生物治疗等方法。治疗后的预后取决于癌症的种类、阶段、患者的一般健康状况等因素。癌症的预防主要依赖于健康的生活方式，如均衡饮食，积极锻炼，避免烟草和过度饮酒，定期检查等。
Cancers comprise a significant household of ailments that contain abnormal cell growth Along with the prospective to invade or distribute to other elements of the body.
癌症易复发、转移，早期患者复发率、转移率偏低，有些可治愈，中晚期患者复发率、转移率、致死率高，通常预后不良。
胆囊、胰腺、肝脏、胃肠等消化系统肿瘤常伴有肝功异常；肾功能异常多出现在肾、膀胱、输尿管、尿路泌尿系统肿瘤。
如前所述，癌症源于正常细胞转变为肿瘤细胞的多阶段过程，通常从癌前病变发展 到恶性肿瘤。这些变化是一个人的遗传因素与三种外部因素相互作用的结果，外部 因素包括：
保持健康体重。超重或肥胖可能增加您患癌症的风险。通过健康饮食和定期运动相结合，努力达到并保持健康体重。
Cancer prognosis could potentially cause psychological distress and psychosocial interventions, including talking therapy, may perhaps support those with this.
癌症治療會有許多後遺症，過程十分不易，因此治療後的照顧相當重要，包括疼痛控制、改善食慾、心理調適等，需要不同醫療團隊的合作，提高癌症病人的生活品質。（延伸閱讀：不是放棄治療！剖析緩和與安寧照護的真相）
腫瘤較小且尚未擴散/轉移（癌細胞可被定位、手術移除，不需借助循環全身的化學藥物治療）
除了切除原發性腫瘤之外，癌症的病程分期（英语：staging）也需要手術的協助。例如，確定腫瘤惡化的程度與是否發生淋巴結轉移。病程分期主要可用來推測預後和是否需要實行輔助治療（英语：adjuvant therapy）。有時手術也被用來控制症狀以減輕病人痛苦，如脊髓壓迫或腸阻塞，稱為紓緩治療。
In The usa and Several other cultures, cancer is considered a ailment that have to be "fought" to end the "civil insurrection"; a War on Most cancers was declared during the US. Military services metaphors are significantly prevalent in descriptions of cancer's human outcomes, and so they emphasize both of those the condition of the client's wellness and the necessity to get immediate, decisive actions himself instead of to hold off, to disregard or to rely totally on Other people. The armed service metaphors also assist rationalize radical, harmful treatments.[242][243]
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The transformation of a normal cell into most cancers is akin to a chain response attributable to initial glitches, which compound into much more intense problems, Every progressively allowing for the cell to flee more controls that limit usual 癌症 tissue development. This rebellion-like circumstance is definitely an undesirable survival with the fittest, exactly where the driving forces of evolution get the job done against the body's style and design and enforcement of get.